26th of July, 440-444
acopio, 8, 17, 146-150, 154-155, 176
ACOREC, S.A., 135
Afghanistan, 354-355
Agramonte, Ignacio, 443
Agramonte, Roberto, 279
agriculture, 2, 14, 145-157, 200-201, 260, 262, 267, 290, 341-352, 417, 418, 421, 428, 429; coffee, 8; gardens, 291, 295-296; irrigation, 433-434; livestock, 21, 147, 343; maize, 213-214; milk, 8; organopónicos, 295-296; poultry, 8; soil, fertility, 343-344; tobacco, 8, 10, 14, 15, 51, 67, 70, 145, 195, 200, 353, 369, 356; vegetables, 7, 8, 14, 144-147, 152-155, 156, 296-297
Aguas de Barcelona, 70, 73
Ahmadinejad, 456
aid, soviet, 353
Alarcón, Ricardo, 195
ALBA (Alternativa Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestras Américas), 120
Albania, 235
ALCA (Area de Libre Comercio de las Américas), 120
Alfa Group, 5
Alliance of Baptists, 470 Almendares River, 296
Alonso, Fernando, 138
American Enterprise Institute, 470 American Friends Service Committee, 470
American Society of Travel Agents, 164
anti-left, 480-481
apparatchiks, 296
Argentina, 150, 410
Armas, Químicas, Biológicas y Para- normales, 390
armed forces, 17, 107-108, 330, 341, 360, 380; see also Revolutionary Armed Forces
Arquidiócesis de Pinar del Río, 165 Asemblea Nacional, 21
asistencia social, 182-183
Assembly to Promote Civil Society, 366, 367, 372, 373
baggasse, 213
Balaguer, Don Joaquín, 436 balance of payments, 13, 14
Banca Metropolitana, 356
Banco Central de Cuba (BCC), see
Central Bank Bangalore, 413
Bank Secrecy Act, 380-381
banks, 12, 189; see also bank names. Batista, Fulgencio, 279, 332, 378, 440
Beijing, 413
beltway, 288
Berlin, Isaiah, 452
biodiesel, 215; see also ethanol biomass, 214
biotechnology, 10, 417
Biscet, Oscar, 390; mensaje de, 391
Black March, 365, 370, 373
black market, 16, 48, 197, 401
Blanco, Kathleen, 462-463
Bokros Plan, 32
Bolsheviks, 379
Bonne Carcases, Félix Antonio, 125- 126
Born, Jorge and Juan, 381 bourgeoisie, 295-299
boycott, 477
brain drain, 412-413
Brazil, 150, 214, 200, 202; ethanol program, 206-214
Bribery, 156
brigades of rapid response, 330-331 Brito, Joel, 132-133
Broche Espinosa, Margarito, 367 Budapest, 292
Bulgaria, 28, 235, 288-299
Bush, G. W., 371, 459, 466; admin-
istration, 454-454
Byelorussia, 280
CACM (Central American Common Market), 11
Caibarién, 56
Canada, 11, 278, 326; trade with
136; partners, 403
capital, 376; formation, 3
capitalism, 288
Caracas, 11, 20, 28, 29, 58, 259,
269, 376, 486
carbon dioxide (CO2), 77, 94, 420, 425
Cárdenas, 55
Caribbean Basin, 414
Caribbean, 326
carnavales, 406
cartel, Medellín, 381
Cason, James, 467
Caspian Sea, 383
cassava, 214
Castro, Fidel, 1, 6, 7, 18, 66, 149, 214, 278, 329-331, 336, 341, 339, 388-389, 441, 471, 353-354; anti-, 464; famous words, 356; during transition type, 312; economic legacy, 14; illegal activities, 381; legitimize revolution, 441; post- , 225; regime, 412; speeches, 438-439
Castro, Raúl, 1, 18, 77, 198, 278, 282, 336, 341, 353, 356-357, 438, 459, 466, 471; and commanders of the Revolution, 334 Cato Institute, 469
Caujerí Valley, 150; 151
cement, 6, 10, 11, 14, 15, 54, 55, 132, 249, 435
Center for Civic and Religious Formation, 16, 165, 185, 196 (see also Centro de Formación Cívica y Religiosa)
Center for Cuban Studies, 470 Center for Defense Information, 464 Central America, 412
Central Asia, 235
Central Bank, 29, 43, 189, 318, 349
Central Europe, 28
Centro de Formación Cívica y Reli- giosa, see Center for Civic and Religious Formation
CEPAL (Comisión Económica para América Latina), 1, 126, 130, 239
Céspedes, Carlos Manuel, 443 Chávez, Hugo, 16, 118, 312, 325, 337, 446, 447, 451, 455, 456, 457
Che Guevara nickel plant, 5
Chile, 11, 60, 72, 189, 284, 410; after Pinochet, 281; and national consensus, 187
China 11, 14, 18, 157, 307, 311, 312, 330, 333, 339, 442
China Minmetals, 332-333 Christian Liberation Movement, 373 Church World Service, 470
CIA, 456
Cienfuegos, 56-57; oil refinery, 11
citizenship, 417
citrus, 7, 8, 10, 144, 145, 343, 344
City University of New York, 470 Ciudad de La Habana 183; see also La Habana
Civil Law, 231
civil society, 183, 282, 367
Clinton, Bill, administration, 464, 465, 468
Clinton, Hillary, 460
cocaine, 379
Cold War, 279, 412 Colegio de La Salle, 387
Colombia, 6, 71, 98, 108, 149, 257, 266, 272, 274, 381, 387, 455
COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance), 29, 30, 34
Comité Cubano Pro-Derechos Humanos, 105
Comité de Política Monetaria, 317 Commission for Assistance to a Free
Cuba, 238-239, 460 communism, 333, 477; Eastern European, 439-440 communist party, 331, 336; elite, 333, 339-340; and so-called “Talibans,” 334-335; and pajama group, 334;
Cuban, 453
communities, 295
commuters, 297
Complejo Militar Industrial, 117 Combinado del Este en La Habana, 390
condominiums, 290
Confederación Obrera Nacional In- dependiente de Cuba (CONIC), 120-121
conflict, islander-exile, 361-362 Consejo Pontificio “Justicia y Paz,“ 166
consensus, 232-234
Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, 446
Constitución (Cuba), 98, 218-234; de 1901, 220, 234; de 1940, 220-22, 234
consumer goods, 359
consumers, 156
consumption, 201-202, 320
Contadora Group, 284, 285
containers, 53-54
Convenio Cuba-Venezuela, 446-447
Convenio No. 85, 115
cooperatives, 153
Cordón de La Habana, 289, 290
corporatism , 354; state-, 363
Corriente Agromontista, 231
corruption, 18, 33, 36, 37, 73, 155,
187, 197, 282, 286, 287, 307,
331, 382, 382, 383, 454
Costa Rica, 411
Cotonou Accord, 11
counter-revolutionaries, 331
crackdown, 367
Craddock, General Bantz J., 465 Credit Suisse, 12
CTC (Central de Trabajadores de Cuba), 102, 113, 115; El XIX
Congreso, 117-119
Cuba Dissidence Task Group (CDTG), 366-367
Cuba Study Group, 239
Cuba, in 1933, 284; post-Castro,
209, 376; post-Revolution, 353-
354; under Fidel and Raúl, 453-457
CUBALSE, S.A., 135
Cuban American Alliance, 471 Cuban American Commission for
Family Rights, 471
Cuban American National Foundation (CANF), 467-468, 471
Cuban Americans, 239-240, 297,
338, 340, and elderly Americans, 417; community, 470; lobby, 406; in U.S. media, 476
Cuban Civil Aviation Authority, 356 Cuban Port Association, 58
Cuban Registry System, 225-226
Cubanco, S.A., 54
cubanidad, 476-481
Cubans, Cuban-born and U.S. born, 399, fn. 3; in Miami, 337
CUC (convertible currency) 18; 315, 323; see also peso convertible
Curazao, 138
customs, 18
Czech Republic, 28, 45, 233, 239, 280, 354, 360
dacha, 291, 296
dams, 69
debt, 1, 11, 12, 342; external, 14
decentralization, 91-92 Declaración de Viena, 112 Decreto-Ley 50, 98
de-dollarization, 16, 324-325
Deflectometer, 81, 85
Delahunt, Bill, 460
deregulation, 32-33
détente, 372-373
dialogue, 465-469
Diaspora, 399-407; Cuban, defined, fn. 1
Díaz-Briquets, Sergio, 382
discrimination, 141-142
dissidence, 337-338, 365-371; modeling, 367-368; ideology, 368
dissidents, 310
doctors, 183-84, 413; in Venezuela,
180, 446-452
Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, 184 dollar stores, 321, Table 6, 326, 330
dollarization, 327
Dominican Republic 284, 297, 307, 326, 421; after Trujillo, 28; Cen- tral Bank, 393; remittances to, 392-397
double morality, 191
drugs, 380
East Germany, 361
Eastern Europe, 28, 240, 313, 457; exchange-rate system, 40-41; labor and product markets, 41-42: public finances, 38; taxation, 39-40; transition, 37
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), see CEPAL
economists, dissident, 345-346
Edge Cities, 297
education, 21, 64
El Salvador, 63, 72
electricity, 59-74, 193, 431; blackouts, 70; solar, 431-432
elites, 358; armed forces, 354; raulista 360, 362, 363; military, 363
embargo, 149, 329, 460
empresas mixtas, 66, 111-113, 318-320
energy, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 18, 28, 51-52, 60-65, 87, 202, 213-216, 242, 275, 330, 335-338
engineering, 80-82
Enmienda Platt, 221
Enterprise Funds, 235
enterprise, perfection, 17, 353; as “big fordist experiment”, 355- 356, 363
environment, 193, 343, 420-439;
conservation, 88
Escobar, Pablo, 381
Estado de Derecho, 231-232 Estonia, 51
ethanol, 199-205
ETECSA 68
ethnies, 474
European Parliament, 366
European Union (EU), 29, 32, 119,
280, 284, 366, 370
Eurozone, 326
exchange rate 12
exile, 190, 309; experience, 478; internal, 473
Export Import Bank, 235
exports, 14, 98, 201-202, 320, 356;
U.S. agricultural, 160, from Dominican Republic, 393
factories, 355
farm belt, 293
farmers, 153, 440; small, 331
farms, 156
Fault Tree Analysis, 286
FDI (foreign direct investment), 216, 394
Federación Sindical Mundial, 119
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 376-377, 379, 380
Fernández, Pablo Armando, 439 ferronickel, 5
Figueres, José, 279
Financial Action Task Force, 380 Finland, 51
Finlay, Dr. Carlos, 420 firms, 380-381
fish, 160; and seafood, 8
Flake, Jeff, 460
Florida Cooperative Extension Ser- vice, 345
Florida State University, 470 FONDEM, 448
food, 14, 29, 198, 380; exports, 150-
151, 291; imports, 145-46; shortage, 454; vs. fuel, 212-213; wheat, 148, 160, 161, 214, 462
foreign exchange 77, 337
foreign trade, 334
forest products, 160
forestry, 147, 343
France, 11
free trade zones, 106-108, 393, 395-396
Freedom House, 469
Frei Betto, 388
Fried, Dan, 235
Fundación Amistad, 470
Gálvez, María Caridad, 166, 185
Game Theory, 356-371 ganadería, see livestock gas, 335; exploration, 332
gasoline, 420-421
Gaviota, S.A. 356
GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 1, 15, 16, 28, 47, 21, 127, 148, 316, 376
Germany, 426
Giuliani, Rudy, 460
Global Exchange, 470
Gómez Manzano, René de Jesús, 125-126, 231
González, Elián, 471
González Quevedo, Padre, 390 Governments, Republican, 441
GPS (geographic positioning sys- tem), 78
grain, imports, 151, 152
Gramsci, 437
gravity model, 403, 404
greenbelt, 288, 297; see Cordón de La Habana
Ground Penetrating Radar GPR, 82- 84
groundwater, 69 Group of Four, 367 grupos electrógenos, 6
Guantánamo Naval Base, 463-464, 465
Guatánamo, port of, 56 Guatemala, 60, 78
Guayaquil, 93
guerillas, Colombian, 381, 455; Montonero, 381
gusano, 440
habeas corpus, 223
Haiti, 284, 297
hardliners, 209-210
Harvard University, 470
harvesting, 157
Havana Film Festival, 470 Havana Harbor, 378
Havana Province, 295, 296
Havana Vieja, 288, 295
Havana, 55, 68, 153 fn. 15, 155,
288-299, 435-436; traffic demand, 94
health-care, professionals in Venezuela, 332; see also doctors in Vene- zuela
health-maintenance organization, 406-407
Heinenam, Dave, 463
Heritage Foundation, 60, 470
Hernández, Rafael, 16
heroin, 379
highway, 77-94; planning 81-82
Hitler, 385
homeland, 473
Hong Kong, 404
Hotel Meliá, 289
Hotel Nacional, 378
hotels, 2, 109, 405
Housing Law, First, 229-230 Huddleston, Vicki, 467
Human Rights Watch, 103, 106, 469
human rights, 141-142, 299-309, 353
Hungary, 189
Hurricane Katrina, 463
hurricanes, 147
hydrocarbons, 212
Ibero-American Conference on Re- gistral Law, 225
identity, 479-480
iglesia (Católica), 163-167
illegal operations, 376-383
immigrants, 413, 477; Central American and Mexican, 415
immigration, east-west European, 403-404l
imports, 316, 321; food and beverage, Table 7, 321
incentives, 403
income, 202; per capita, 309; cash, 149
India, 409, 434
inflation, 2, 3, 16, 17, 27-34, 233, 250, 286, 334, 349, 393
informal economy, 197
infrastructure, 52-53, 59-74; transportation, 75; water treatment, 75 Institute of Physical Planning, 154, 17
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), 58, 78, 392, 417
intermodal connections, 55 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 28, 29, 58, 259, 269, 376, 486
Internet Service Provider (ISP) 67 Internet, 426
investment, 97; domestic, 3; foreign, 131-132, abandoned by Chinese, 10-11; see also FDI
Iraq, 371, 422
IRI Spectrum, 85
Israel, 477
Jamaica, 65, 75; road deterioration, 87
Japan, 119
Jews, 477
Jiménez, Joan Marie, 137
Johns Hopkins University, 470 joint ventures, see empresas mixtas Kasparov, Gary, 385-386
Kennedy School of Government, 70 Kennedy, U.S. President, 389 kidnapping, 380
knowledge economy, 68
Kornai, Janos, 325
labor, 113-114, 125-127; 216; bonuses, 153; discipline, 18, 153, 156; employment, 141-142, 401, Table 1, 402; forced labor, 132- 133; labor rights, 116-117; salaries, 180, 415; salaries, agriculture, 204; self-employment, 18; unemployment, 1, 30, 34, 35, 42, 48, 291-292, 330, 339, 395; wages, 29-35, 47, 150, 330, 334, 383, 409, 411
Lage, Carlos, 453
land, registration, 225-229
Landsat, 344
Lansky, Meyer, 378
Latell, Brian, 355, fn. 5
Latin America Working Group, 469 Latin America, 60, 69, 72-73, 306, 326
Leo, Carlos, 390
Lexington Institute, 469-470
Ley 75 see Ley de Inversión Extran- jera
Ley de Inversión Extranjera, 99 Ley Hipotecaria, 225-26
liberalization, 15, 45, 357, 359, 393
libreta, 43-45, 216, 242
Lima, 93
liquidity 2, 3, 14, 32, 40, 41, 317-318
López Miera, Alvaro, 453 Lord Kelvin, 384
Ludwig Foundation, 470
Lugar, Richard, 235
Maceo, Antonio, 443
Machado, Dictator, 389
Madison, James, 215
Madrid, 67
mafia, 377; U.S. influence, 377-378, New York, 378; Russian, 379 managers, 357-358; “red business,” 359
manufacturers, 6
manzanas ordenadas, 227
Mao, 443
marabú (Dichrostachys cinera), 8, 146, 215
Mariel, 11, 52, 54, 55, 79, 278, 403, 411; arrivals, 411;Boat Lift 281
marijuana, 379
Martí, José, 436, 443
Martínez, Mel, 460
marzo negro, see Black March Mas Canosa, Jorge, 467-468 Matanzas, 55; province, 298
mayimbes, 454
McCain, John, 460
medicine, 183-84
Mella, Julio Antonio, 443 Menéndez, Bob, 460
MERCOSUR (Mercado Común del Sur), 11
metropolitan areas, 416
Mexico City, 225
Mexico, 11, 418; and retirees, 411;
road system, 79
Miami, 416, 477
micro-loans, 240
middle class, 292
Middle East, 429
middlemen, 156
migration, 410-416; circular, 414-415
military, 193; equipment, 354 MINAZ (Ministerio de Azúcar) 66, 146, 149, 150, 167
Minh, Ho Chi, 443
Minister of Economics and Planning 2-3, 66
Ministerio de Justicia, 116 Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad
Social, 101-102, 107; art. 44, 108
Ministerio del Interior, 107 Ministry of Industry (Iranian), 457 Ministry of Justice, 229
MINTRANS (Ministerio de Trans- porte) 77
MINVEC (Ministerio para la Inver- sión Extranjera y la Colaboración Económica), 99, 107
Miramar, 288-290, 296
Misión Barrio Adentro (Venezuela), 446-452; eficacia, 450-451; propósitos y beneficios, 450-451
Misión Milagro, 449
mismanagement, 215
modernization, 319, 330
Moncada, 442
Monetary Policy Committee, 325 monetary sovereignty, 327
monetary system, 18
money transfer operations (MTOs), 395
monoculture, 339
monopoly, 101
Monreal, Pedro, 16 Monte Carlo Palace, 290
Movimiento Sindical Independi- ente, 121-122
Municipios de Cuba en el Exilio, 406 Mussolini, 385
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 11, 215-16
narcotics, 383
National Assembly, 6
National Council of Churches, 470 NATO (North American Treaty Or-
ganization), 29
Netherlands, 426
networks, 399-407; co-ethnic, 404
New School, 470
NGOs (non-governmental organizations), 214, 236, 468-471, 468, 470
Nicaragua, 410; after Somoza, 281
nickel, 11, 77, 332, 333; Las Cama-
riocas plant, 10
nomenklatura, 300, 454
Noriega, Manuel, 381
North Korea, 60
Nuevitas, 56
Obama, Barack, 460
Ochoa, Arnaldo, 284
OFAC (Office of Foreign Assets Control), 164
Oficinas de las Direcciones Munici- pales de Trabajo del Poder Popu- lar, 101
Oficinas del Registro de la Propie- dad, 226
oil, 340, 215, 383, 429-430, 456; and natural gas, 4; exploration, 332-333; prices, Cuadro 1, 488; pipelines, 150; soybean, palm, waste, vegetable, 215
OIT (Organización Internacional del Trabajo), 103-104, 113, 114,115, 133, 142, 180-181; convenios de, 134
ONE (Oficina Nacional de Estadíst- icas), 1, 320-321
Oni de Ifé, 388
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), 213
Operación Mongoose, 389
orchards, 149
organizations, dissident 366
Orozco, Roberto, 390
Overseas Private Investment Corpo- ration (OPIC), 235, fn. 32; 238
Oxfam America, 469
Palacio de Convenciones, 406 paladares, 278, 319
Panama, 63, 381, 411
Paraguay, after Stroessner, 281 Pareto, 288
Parmly, Michael, 467
Parque Central, 295
Partido Comunista, 132, 137 Partido Socialista Popular, 388 passports, 478
Patriot Act of 2001, 381
Pax Christi, 103, 106
Payá, Oswaldo, 356; and Christian Liberation Movement, 366, 371
Pedro Sotto nickel plant, 5 Penal Code, 367
Pentagon, 389
Pérez Roque, Felipe, 466
Pérez Villanueva, Omar Everleny, 16 Pérez-López, Jorge, 382 perfeccionamiento empresarial, see
enterprise, perfection
performance-based specifications (PBS), 91
Período Especial, see Special Period Perón, 385
personal property, 234
Peru, 10
peso convertible, 136, 309, 315; see also CUC
physicians, see doctors Pinar del Río, 80 pinchos, 454
Pío XII, 386-387
Plan Turquino-Manatí, 356
planning, Marxist-Leninist, 355-356
plantations, 92, 214-215
pluralism, 358
Poland, 28, 34, 71, 233, 235, 237,
280, 354, 237, 280, 354, 360
Polish Fund, 236-238
política salarial realista (PSR), 137- 141
political economy, 335 Port of Havana, 58
ports, 52-60, 416, 78; hydrographic
surveys of, 59
Portugal, 285; after Salazar-Caetano, 281
Posada Carriles, Luis, 466-467 poverty, 212, 216, 411; disguised, 290
Powell, Colin, 454-455
Presbyterian Church, 470
prices, controls, 47-48; food, 154-156
Principios Arcos, 123-144
privatization, 33, 50, 119, 344; British Model, 361; in Estonia, 51; procurement system, 8 (see also acopio); public auction, 362; of ports, 57-58; theory, 354, 360-362
PROALCHOHOL (Brazilian Etha- nol Program), 206-207
Production Sharing Agreements (PSAs), 64
Producto Bruto Interno (PIB), see
Gross Domestic Product
professionals in Venezuela, 180; see also doctors in Venezuela
property rights, 402
prostitutes, 278
prostitution, 17, 380-386
public health, 62, 183; health services, 13
public utilities, 72
public-private partnerships, 39-40
Puerto Rico, 231
puestos gastronómicos, 319
Quality Function Deployment, 285 quality of life, 290
Quibó River, 296
Quito, 93
race, 141-142
Radio Martí, 463, 467, 468
Rancho Boyeros, 296
Rangel, Charlie, 460
Rational Choice Theory, 365, 366, 373
rationing book, 43-49; see also libreta rationing, 49; food, 330
raulista, 312, 313, 356
Reagan, Nancy, 385
reconciliation, 284-286
Rectification Process, 331
reform, 442; monetary, 319-331
reformers, 314
refugees, 463-464; Latvian and Esto- nian, 473-483
Registro de la Vivienda y Solares Yermos, 229-30
Registro de la Propiedad, 227 relaciones exteriores, 193
religion, 141-142
remittances, 315-327, 392-397; and imports, 396 Figures 1 and 2; and tourism, 326; policy, 327-328; wire-transfers, 380-381
remote sensing, 343
repression, 330-333, 365-371
Resolución No. 10-2005, 116
resources, 15, 16, 37, 39, 44, 61, 217
responsibilidad social corporativa (RSC), 140-141
restaurants, 2, 325, 400
retirees, 416
revolution, 7, 17, 18, 64, 81, 195, 225-228, 372-373, 438; Mexican, 283; Russian, 379
Revolutionary Armed Forces, 353- 364, 453; authoritarian nature of, 357; manager officers, 362; pet projects of, 356; see also fuerzas ar- madas
Revolutionary Offensive of 1968, 154
Rhine, Instituto, 391
Rice, Condoleezza, 238, 462
risk, 15-16, 40-41, 43, 237-238,285-291, 327
Risquet Valdés, Jorge, 118
road, construction, 88; density, 79; evaluation configuration, 81 Fig- ure 1; quality assurance, 88-89; tolls, 93
Roca, Blas, 222
Roca Antunez, Vladimiro, 125-126 Rodríguez, César, 139
Romania, 235
Roque Cabello, Marta Beatriz, 125- 126, 366, 367
Rosales, Ulises, 6 Ross Leal, Pedro, 118
Rule of Law, see Estado de Derecho rum, 54, 378
Russia, 182, 283, 312, 354, 357-363, 379, 480; czarist, 379; mass privatization scheme, 357
Ruz, Lina, 387
Ryan, George, 462 Saco, José Antonio 278 safety net, 47
Sakharov Prize, 366
San Antonio Maria Claret, 386-387 San Pablo (Brasil), 206
sanitation, 69
Santería, 386
Santiago de Cuba, 56, 78
Santiago de Cuba, Arzobispo de, 386 Santiago de las Vegas, 297
Saudi Arabia, 232, fn. 30
Scandinavia, 74
Schmitter, Philippe, 358
sector, agricultural, 7; external, 9, 130-131; forestry, 21; industrial, 4; services, 193 security, 182-183; internal, 193
self-employment, 1, 18, 44, 197, 315, 318, 319, 320, 321, Table 5, 326, 400-401Serpa, Monseñor, 166
sewerage, 59, 60, 68, 75; waste, 34, 64, 69, 152, 154, 295, 297; wastewater, 69, 73-74; see also water
Shanghai, 413
Sherritt Ltd., 5, 12, 66, 429
Sincretismo, 386
Singapore, 307-308, 311
SINOPEC, 332
Six Sigma methodology 279, 280
Slovakia, 280
slums, 290-291
small and medium enterprises (SME), 362, 401-408
Small Business Administration (SBA), 403
Smith, Wayne, 469
Sofia, 288-298
soft power, 438
Sol Meliá, 105
South Africa, 11
Southern Cone, 410-411
Soviet bloc, 146
Soviet Union, 4-5, 9-10, 28, 30, 34, 52, 69, 98, 279, 289, 295, 331, 339, 353-355, 367, 377-379, 412, 462, 475
Spain, 4, 10, 11, 70, 283; after Franco’s Death, 233, 281; migrants in, 410
Spasky, Boris, 385
Special Period (in a Time of Peace), 1, 63-65, 147 fn. 3, 199, 317-318, 438, 453
Sri Lanka, 434
Stalin, Josef, 476-478
State University of New York, Os- wego, 470
state-owned enterprises (SOEs), 31, 323-324, 357
steel, 11
subsidiaridad, 184, 190, 193
suburbanization, 289-290, 291-292; Western-type, 297; Western-Style, 292
sugar cane, 22, 145, 196, 208-210, 213, 215; areas, 148, Table 1; colonos, 223; harvest (zafra), 147, 201, 209-210; Mexican, 215; output, 5; yields, 147, 154
sugar, 39, 201-202, 344; agroindustry, 346; industry, 357; mills, 6, 208-210, 216; mills shut down, 359; yields, 5
Support for Eastern European De- mocracy (SEED) Act, 235
Sweden, 51
Switzerland, 377
Taipei, 413
Tallinn, 51
taxes, personal income, 322 Tehran, 456
telecommunications, 59-74
terrorism, 464; state-sponsored, 381 Trinidad and Tobago, 73
tourism, 2, 12-13, 21; 108-110, 200, 279, 334, 356; “apartheid” policy, 406; arrivals, 164; as émigrés, 431; Dominican Republic 393; Latin American, 332; once U.S. embargo is lifted, 402; revenues, 320 Table 4, 326; seasonality of Cuban, Figure 1, 405; senior, 406-407; workers in sector, 108-109
tourists, 3, 12-14, 57, 67, 160, 163, 319, 378, 405-407
trade, 461-462; composition, 10; balance of goods, 9; deficit, 149; and investment, 343; oil-for-doc- tors, 332; partners, 10; terms of, 9-10; with Spain, China, Venezu- ela, Canada, Germany, United States, 10
trade unions, 113; international, 119
trafficking, 380
Traficante, Santos, 378
transition, 21-26, 292, 329-340; and Chinese and/or Vietnamese expe- rience, 337; Ibero-American 286; in Spain and Nicaragua, 235-36; types, 314-15; policy, 343; post-Communist, 356
travel, and effects on agricultural ex- ports to Cuba, 162; and remit- tances, 460-461; and tourism, 405; U.S. restrictions, 162
tubers, 154
Tulane University, 470
TV Martí, 463, 467, 468
U.S. Business Council, 112 fn. 37
U.S. Claims Office, 203
U.S. Congress, 406
U.S. Department of the Treasury, 380
U.S. Interests Section, 372-373, 467- 469
U.S.-Cuba relations, 459-471
UBPC (Unidades Básicas de Produc- ción Cooperativa), 322
UBS, 12
UJC (Unión de Jóvenes Comunistas) 135-136
Ukraine, 280
UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 292 Unión de la Industrial Militar, 355 United Church of Christ, 470 United Fruit Company, 203
United Kingdom, 11, 33 United Methodist Church, 470
United Nations World Food Pro- gram, 212
United States, 21, 119, 187, 210,
354; as trade partner, 15; hostility, 322-323
Universidad de la Habana, 470 University of Florida, 73, 470 University of Havana Law School, 226 fn. 4
University of Miami, 470 University of North Carolina, 470 URSS, see Soviet Union
Uruguay, 410
USAID (United States Agency for International Development) 59, 62, 71, 80, 235-236, 366, 468
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), 147
USGS (US Geological Survey), 456 USSR, see Soviet Union
Valdés Mesa, Salvador, 132
Valdés, Dagoberto, 165, 185, 198
Varadero, 65, 70, 73, 97, 405, 406
Varela Project, 367
Varela, Carlos, 438
VAT (value-added tax), 30 Vedado, 295, 300
vehículos FLEX, 208
Venezuela, 9-12, 157, 329, 332, 333, 339; and Iran, 456; comparison between China and, 338 Table 1; investments, credits and subsidies, 15-16
Venezuela, Cuban health personnel in , 124-125
Ventura, Jesse, 462
Vietnam, 16, 118, 126, 232, 234, 252, 281, 309, 310, 336, 338, 342, 343, 354, 442
villa, Bulgarian, 291, 297
violence, 383
Virgen de Regla, 389 Vitosha, 295-299
Vitral (magazine), 195-201
Washington Consensus, 333
water, 61, 63, 70-72, 75-76; leakages, 152-53
Western Europe, 291
World Bank, 58-62, 411-412, 418
World War II, 430
Year of Energy Revolution (2006), 6 Yera, Luis Marcelo, 16
Yucas (Young Urban Cuban Americans), 296
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